What is Dry Eye?

Dry eye occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or fail to make the right type of tears to stay moist and comfortable. Tears are essential for eye health, and their deficiency can lead to discomfort and irritation.

Symptoms of Dry Eye:

• Stinging or burning sensation.
• Scratchy or gritty feeling, like something is in the eye.
• Mucus strings around the eyes.
• Red or irritated eyes, especially in windy conditions.
• Discomfort while wearing contact lenses.
• Excessive tearing due to irritation caused by dry eye.

Causes of Dry Eye:

Dry eye is more common in women, especially after menopause, due to hormonal changes. Other causes include:

• Medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, or thyroid disease.
• Eyelid issues like blepharitis, entropion (inward turning), or ectropion (outward turning).
• Environmental factors such as exposure to smoke, wind, or dry climates.
• Reduced blinking during prolonged computer use or other focused activities.
• Long-term contact lens use or after refractive surgeries like LASIK.
• Medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, antihistamines, sleeping pills, antidepressants, and heartburn drugs.

Diagnosis:

An ophthalmologist will conduct a thorough eye exam, evaluate the eyelids, and check your blinking pattern. Tests may include measuring tear production and assessing the quality or thickness of the tear film.

Treatment Options:

1. Artificial Tears and Ointments:

• Over-the-counter drops mimic natural tears and can be used as needed.
• Preservative-free drops are recommended for frequent use to avoid irritation.

2. Tear Duct Blocking:

• Inserting punctal plugs (silicone or gel) in the tear ducts to retain natural tears.
• Surgery may be considered to permanently close the tear ducts if necessary.

3. Treating Eye Irritation:

• Prescription eye drops or ointments.
• Warm compresses and eyelid massage.
• Specialized eyelid cleaners to manage inflammation or infections.

Discuss your symptoms and treatment options with your ophthalmologist to find the most effective solution for your dry eye condition.